This Post and the attached video will explain the following points of Micro-Notes on UPSC Geography 17- Environment (Ecozones, Forest, Soil & Agriculture). Copy & Note it down carefully, as it will be very useful in Fast Revision of the entire topic of "UPSC Geography 17- Environment (Ecozones, Forest, Soil & Agriculture)".
UPSC Geography 17- Environment (Ecozones, Forest, Soil & Agriculture)
Terms
- Biocenosis- living interacting,
- biotope- nonliving
- biome- latitude
- Ecozone
- Ecosystem
- load capacity
Ecozones
- Method of dividing up the Earth's surface. Each ecozone is a large area that contains a number of habitats, which are linked by the evolutionary history of the animals and plants within them
- Paleo Arctic- North Asia
- Nearctic- North America
- Afrotropic- Africa
- Neurotropic- South America
Vegetation
- Savannah - tree + grass - summer rain
- Grassland- winter rain - Chaparral (California), Malee's (Australia), Prairies (North America) Pampas (South America), Steppes (Eurasia) Veldt (Africa), Down (Australia)
- Catinga -thorn forest of Brazil
Forest
- Tropical hardwood
- Temperate hardwood
- Temperate softwood
- Emergent tree
- Canopy
- Understory
- Forest floor
Soil
- Pedogenesis-formation of soil
- Corrasion- physical removal
- Corrosion chemical
- Attrition-reduction in size
- Soil texture particle size
- Air 25%
- Water 25%
- Mineral 45%
- Organism 10%
- Loamy soil Sandy + silty soil
- Taiga soil - poor - not decomposed from long time - acidic- needles & spines - Plant Wildfire adapted
- More pH (treat with lime), less pH (sulphate)
- Leaching- increases acidity
- Alkaline soil pH greater than 9
- Cancerous layer (gypsum)
Soil Types
- Oxisol- contains humus
- Aridisol- desert
- Mollisol - grassland- Malee (Australia)
- Alfisol- Moderately without forest soil
- Ultisol highly weathered
- Spodosol-coniferous
- Entisol -underdeveloped
- Inceptisol weekly developed
- Andisol- volcanic
- Vertisol - black
- Histosol - peat
- Zonal soil- well developed
Soil Erosion
- Gully erosion
- Sheet erosion
- Splash erosion - raindrop
- Rill erosion - small channels
Agriculture
- Market gardening
- Collective farming
- Cooperative farming
- Wheat & Maize 75cm rain requirement
- Rice 100cm
- Millet 60 CM
- Sugarcane and cotton 120 CM
- Coffee and Rubber 150 cm
- Tea and Cocoa 200 CM
** Above Video is created by KapsOne Studies and Placement Center, Nagpur for Guidance of UPSC Civil Service (IAS /IPS / IFS / IRS / SSC / Railways / NDA), MPSC Rajyaseva, UPPSC, MPPSC, BPSC, RPSC, NCERT Aspirants on UPSC Geography 17- Environment (Ecozones, Forest, Soil & Agriculture)
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