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UPSC Geography 17- Environment (Ecozones, Forest, Soil & Agriculture)

This Post and the attached video will explain the following points of Micro-Notes on UPSC Geography 17- Environment (Ecozones, Forest, Soil & Agriculture). Copy & Note it down carefully, as it will be very useful in Fast Revision of the entire topic of "UPSC Geography 17- Environment (Ecozones, Forest, Soil & Agriculture)".

UPSC Geography 17- Environment (Ecozones, Forest, Soil & Agriculture)


 Terms

  • Biocenosis- living interacting,
  • biotope- nonliving
  • biome- latitude
  • Ecozone
  • Ecosystem
  • load capacity


Ecozones
  • Method of dividing up the Earth's surface. Each ecozone is a large area that contains a number of habitats, which are linked by the evolutionary history of the animals and plants within them
  • Paleo Arctic- North Asia
  • Nearctic- North America
  • Afrotropic- Africa 
  • Neurotropic- South America

Vegetation
  • Savannah - tree + grass - summer rain 
  • Grassland- winter rain - Chaparral (California), Malee's (Australia), Prairies (North America) Pampas (South America), Steppes (Eurasia) Veldt (Africa), Down (Australia) 
  • Catinga -thorn forest of Brazil

Forest
  • Tropical hardwood
  • Temperate hardwood 
  • Temperate softwood 
  • Emergent tree 
  • Canopy 
  • Understory 
  • Forest floor

Soil
  • Pedogenesis-formation of soil 
  • Corrasion- physical removal 
  • Corrosion chemical 
  • Attrition-reduction in size 
  • Soil texture particle size 
  • Air 25%
  • Water 25% 
  • Mineral 45% 
  • Organism 10% 
  • Loamy soil Sandy + silty soil 
  • Taiga soil - poor - not decomposed from long time - acidic-  needles & spines - Plant Wildfire adapted 
  • More pH (treat with lime), less pH (sulphate) 
  • Leaching- increases  acidity
  • Alkaline soil pH greater than 9 
  • Cancerous layer (gypsum)

Soil Types
  • Oxisol- contains humus
  • Aridisol- desert
  • Mollisol - grassland- Malee (Australia)
  • Alfisol- Moderately without forest soil 
  • Ultisol highly weathered
  • Spodosol-coniferous 
  • Entisol -underdeveloped 
  • Inceptisol weekly developed 
  • Andisol- volcanic
  • Vertisol - black
  • Histosol - peat
  • Zonal soil- well developed

Soil Erosion
  • Gully erosion 
  • Sheet erosion 
  • Splash erosion - raindrop 
  • Rill erosion - small channels

Agriculture
  • Market gardening 
  • Collective farming 
  • Cooperative farming 
  • Wheat & Maize 75cm rain requirement 
  • Rice 100cm 
  • Millet 60 CM 
  • Sugarcane and cotton 120 CM 
  • Coffee and Rubber 150 cm 
  • Tea and Cocoa 200 CM


** Above Video is created by KapsOne Studies and Placement Center, Nagpur for Guidance of UPSC Civil Service (IAS /IPS / IFS / IRS / SSC / Railways / NDA), MPSC Rajyaseva, UPPSC, MPPSC, BPSC, RPSC, NCERT Aspirants on UPSC Geography 17- Environment (Ecozones, Forest, Soil & Agriculture)

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