UPSC Geography 06 - The Earth

This Post and the attached video will explain the following points of Micro-Notes on UPSC Geography 06 - The Earth. Copy & Note it down carefully, as it will be very useful in Fast Revision of the entire topic of "UPSC Geography 06 - The Earth".

UPSC Geography 06 - The Earth

Earth Facts

• Location- Around sun, which is located at 30 k ly from the disc at the orion arm of Milky way, 20 ly inside virgo supercluster of stars
• Revolution- Orbital Speed 30 km/sec
• Mass 5.98*10^24 kg
• Rotation 15 deg / hr
• Circumference 40K Km
• Diameter 12 K Km
• Hill Sphere 25 Lac km-region in which it dominates the attraction of satellites
• Antipodal Arrangement
• formed over 4.5 billion years ago
• Mount Chimborazo Highest point
• Challenger Deep (Mariana Trench) Lowest Point

Latitude & Longitude

• Latitude:Horizontal mapping lines on Earth are lines of latitude. They are known as "parallels" of latitude, because they run parallel to the equator
• Longitude: Vertical mapping lines on Earth are lines of longitude, known as "meridians". One simple way to visualize this might be to think about having hula hoops cut in half, vertically positioned with one end at the North Pole and the other at the South Pole.

Early Philosophers for Earth 

Jyotish lagadha - 1400 BC

• The Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa, or Jyotiṣavedāṅga (Devanagari: वेदाङ्ग ज्योतिष), is one of earliest known Indian texts on astronomy and astrology (Jyotisha).[1] The present form of the text is dated to the 700 BCE to final centuries BCE, but it is based on a tradition reaching back to about 1400 BCE

Pythagoras- 569 BC

• Earth is Spherical

Anaximander- 546 BC

• Earth is Cylindrical

Aryabhatta -476 BC

• First States that Earth Rotates
• In Golapad book he clearly show how Eclipse occurs

Nicolas Copernicus

• Universe is Heliocentric 1473 AD
• This was confirmed by Galileo 1564 AD

Earth Composition & Structure

• Iron 32%, Oxygen 30%
• Lithosphere- Crust & Upper Mantle- Rocky
• Asthenosphere- Mantle & Outer Core
• Core- Outer & Inner

Crust

• OSIAC Elements
• Oceanic Crust-Basalt SIMA
• Continental Crust - Granite SIAL 
• Conrad Discontinuity- (Upper & Lower Crust)
• Mohovoric Discontinuity- (Crust & Mantle)

Mantle

• Upper Mantle- Solid
• Lower Mantle- Liquid (Ductile)
• Hales Discontinuity- Upper & lower Mantle
• Gutenberg Discontinuity- Mantle & Core
• Convection Cells exists

Core

• Outer core- Liquid
• Inner Core - Solid Crystalline
• Lehmann Discontinuity- Outer & Inner Core
• Goldschmidt Classification- Siderophile (iron), Chalco (Sulphur), Litho (Silica), Atmo (Gas Loving)

Click Here to View UPSC Geography 06 - The Earth Slide

** Above Video is created by KapsOne Studies and Placement Center, Nagpur for Guidance of UPSC Civil Service (IAS /IPS / IFS / IRS / SSC / Railways / NDA), MPSC Rajyaseva, UPPSC, MPPSC, BPSC, RPSC, NCERT Aspirants on UPSC Geography 06 - The Earth.